Research paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research paper - Case Study Example The use of drugs is a major problem in the world of sport. Many athletes have been found out using performance enhancement drugs in order to compete or win in their designated sport or area. Hence, â€Å"in today’s competitive sports market, players want to hit more home runs, score more touchdowns, or jump higher than their competitors because their performance will most likely be directly tied to their next playing contract or endorsement deal.† (Pampel, 2007) Drug abuse and performance enhancement drugs (PEDs) is considered as one of the most disputed argument in the world of sport. Therefore, doping is considered as a disruptive behavior from an individual. Also, it is a very secretive behavior. However, it is a very common action that the athletes deny the use of drugs and dopes. For instance, there were many cyclists in the Tour De France of 1998, who had actually doped themselves in order to have an edge over their competitors but they refused this claim when the officials found out. The cyclists had to undergo various tests and many of them were caught using drugs. Basically, drugs in sport are cheating and the combination of drugs and sport do not mix well too. Athletes use drugs in order to have an edge against their competitors and improve and make their performance better which is cheating. This act would not make them better or tell them if they are, to some extent, better than their competitors. â€Å"The use of substances to improve performance in sport has been recorded from as early as the third century B.C. – Greek physician Galen used medicinal preparations to treat disease and illness, and noted that many Olympic athletes at the time used stimulants and diet modification methods to enhance their performance.† (White W and Laura S, 1991) The two controversial debatable points which leads to the conclusion that why performance enhancement drugs (PEDs) and doping should be banned in competitive sports are, firstly, t he factor of fair play from any game and competition is eliminated when an individual is used to take such pills and medication. It helps an individual to improve physical performance and abilities which is contrary to one of the most important aspect of sport which is fair play. â€Å"Athletic competitions, it is argued, are designed to demonstrate the best performer on a level playing-field reflecting natural capacities. It is, therefore, unfair if a particular resource, such as performance enhancing drugs, is available to some competitors but not others† (Sabini & Monterosso, 2005). The second argument to this topic is the disadvantages of such drugs and medication. It is concerning that these pills are damaging and injurious to athlete’s health. As there are various types of drugs which individuals use to enhance their performance include drugs such as anabolic steroids, erythropoietin (EPOs), and human growth hormones (HGOs). All of these have different and harmfu l side effects which could affect the athletes in their future. Cardiovascular and mental health problems, depression and higher risk of heart attack, hypertension, cardiac disease, and overgrow hands, feet, or head. The use of performance enhancement medication allows athletes to perform better than the other. If this is made legal then any sports will not be an even playing field and no

Exploring an Urban Issue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Exploring an Urban Issue - Research Paper Example Security at the urban spaces is also important so as to ensure that the people feel safe to visit the urban spaces (Melas, et al, 447). It is also important to note that the incidences of insecurity and crime are common in some of the urban spaces. In Toronto, the public spaces are usually maintained so as to attract the visitors. The paper thus discusses the concept of privacy and security of urban spaces in Toronto. The ability of the members of the public to visit the urban spaces is dependant on the issues of privacy and security. In most of the urban spaces, the levels of privacy are usually quite low. This is due to the high number of people who are usually at the urban space. In some of the instances, it is difficult for the visitors in the urban spaces to make phone calls as there is a low level of privacy. On the other hand, it is also important to note that the low levels of privacy discourage the members of the public to visit the urban spaces. Most of the urban spaces were initially designed for the relaxation of the members of the public without interference. However, the increase in urbanization in most of the towns has seen and increase in the population of urban areas. The population increase has led to a higher number of people visiting the turban spaces and hence lowering the levels of privacy (e Silva & Jordan 13). In some of the urban spaces, the privacy is at times high in pa rticular days at time of day and low in other days of particular time of the day. However, most of the current urban planners are keen on considering the factors that affects the privacy of the urban spaces. However, it is also important to note that most people still visit the urban spaces for the purposes of recreation. The levels of privacy also vary from one urban space to the other. Security at the urban spaces has become of the main concerns among